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Michigan State Police 2010 police pursuit car tests: Dodge Charger and other cars
Dodge Charger police cars - main page
The Michigan State Police have announced the results of their 2010 vehicle dynamics tests held on September 19 at Chrysler’s Chelsea Proving Grounds, and September 21 at Gratten Raceway Park, also in Michigan.
Since Allpar is a Chrysler corporation site, all I can say at this point is HOORAY for Dodge! For the fifth straight year, the top dog is the 5.7 liter HEMI® V-8. Even the hallowed, still talked about, Chevrolet Caprice, which held sway for ten straight years in Michigan’s tests, did not fill in ALL the top categories as has the Dodge Charger done.
Special service vehicles vs pursuit cars
There was a difference this year, in that the Michigan State Police did not test “special service” vehicles (such as large SUVs) as they had in the past. This choice was made because each manufacturer places much emphasis on the issue that these vehicles are not designed as police pursuit vehicles, but are built for severe services. The MSP will, from this year forward, only test pursuit units.
The only severe service vehicle that ever (at least openly) got used for police pursuit work was the Ford Mustang that saw first service with the California Highway Patrol starting in 1982. By 1993, the SSP Mustang was gone, replaced by the Chevrolet Caprice. When the 1994 LT-1 engined Police Package hit 135 mile an hour top speeds, there was no need to have two vehicles. Ford’s Crown Victoria Police Interceptor also got hotter by 1993, reaching 123 miles an hour. Those vehicles were built for pursuit work.
The Michigan State Police began their dynamic testing in 1978. At the time, many departments invited manufacturers to bid to the department specifications, and chose the lowest bid. There was no serious way to see if the departments were getting the most “bang for their bucks.” Some would just buy vehicles off the dealer lots. Those, if the department engaged in active patrol work, would be, in my fleet manager opinion, a nightmare!
In the MSP tests’ first year, the B-body 1978 Plymouth Fury 440 cubic inch V-8 won the testing. It had the highest top speed of any vehicle built that year, including the Chevrolet Corvette, at 133 miles an hour. They also submitted the lowest per unit bid ($5,397), beating out the Dodge Monaco by $185 a unit. The Plymouth beat entries from Chevrolet, Pontiac, Buick, and the Ford LTD by over $300 per unit. It reached 100 miles an hour in 24.8 seconds, over 12 seconds faster than anything else submitted for evaluation. The new Charger would blow it straight into the weeds.
Police cars entered for the 2010 model year
For 2010, the Dodge Charger beat all the competitors in every category. Acceleration, top speed, braking, road course, and top fuel economy for a V-8. It has been so since the Charger came on to the police package scene.
Dodge submitted two Chargers for evaluation, both are police packages: one with the 3.5 liter V-6 (250 horsepower) and one powered by the 5.7 liter HEMI® V-8 (370 hp).
Chevrolet submitted four vehicles, two being the W bodied Impala; the Impala is the only vehicle on this platform. It is a well designed front wheel drive unit, handling the routine abuse of pursuit work.
Both the Impala vehicles had the 239-horsepower 3.9 liter V-6. One was fueled by regular unleaded gasoline, while the other was operated by E85 ethanol fuel, with only 15% being gasoline; both had the same horsepower. The engine is equipped with GM’s system that shuts down up to 3 cylinders for economic cruising.
The other two Chevrolet vehicles were the rear wheel drive pursuit rated Tahoe, with one powered by regular unleaded gasoline and the other by E85; both could shut down up to four cylinders for economy. Like the Dodge 5.7 liter V-8, the MDS functions seamlessly, and no notice can be taken when the system functions or not.
Ford once again submitted two cars, both the Interceptor née Crown Victoria, with different rear axle ratios to provide buyers with a choice of emphasizing mileage or acceleration.
Acceleration testing the police cars
The first test is the acceleration testing. There are four troopers involved, with four full function tests conducted by each trooper in each vehicle. All vehicles tested are slick tops, as well as not having spotlights or any normal police gear carried in a car’s trunk. Two troopers are on board. Testing involves outright full acceleration trials from 0 to 20, 30, 40, 50, the benchmark 60, 70, 80, 90, ¼ mile, and 100 miles an hour. Michigan targets 100 mile an hour times, as well as ¼ mile marks, and the Tom McCahill (once the country’s foremost car tester)-inspired 0 to 60 mile an hour evaluation.
| SPEED | Dodge Charger | Chevrolet Tahoe | Chevy Impala | Ford Interceptor | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Sec) | V6 | Hemi | Gas | E85 | Gas | E85 | 3.27 | 3.55 |
| 0-20 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.09 | 1.96 | 1.94 | 2 | 2.02 | 1.85 |
| 0-30 | 3.44 | 2.61 | 3.24 | 3.12 | 3.18 | 3.26 | 3.3 | 3.05 |
| 0-40 | 4.81 | 3.58 | 4.68 | 4.53 | 4.47 | 4.57 | 4.69 | 4.39 |
| 0-50 | 6.46 | 4.63 | 6.41 | 6.27 | 6.19 | 6.32 | 6.63 | 6.4 |
| 0-60 | 8.64 | 6 | 8.33 | 8.13 | 8.53 | 8.72 | 8.88 | 8.42 |
| 0-70 | 11.21 | 7.44 | 10.9 | 10.67 | 11.01 | 11.3 | 11.29 | 10.73 |
| 0-80 | 14.03 | 9.32 | 13.93 | 13.61 | 13.72 | 14.08 | 14.22 | 13.68 |
| 0-90 | 17.84 | 11.68 | 17.37 | 16.98 | 17.38 | 17.8 | 18.42 | 17.72 |
| 0-100 | 22.74 | 14.21 | 21.8 | 21.29 | 22.99 | 23.26 | 23.73 | 22.44 |
| TOP SPEED | 137 | 146 | 133 | 132 | 139 | 139 | 129 | 120 |
The Hemi® Charger took just 14.2 seconds to hit 100 miles an hour. All the rest of the vehicles fell into the 100 mile an hour mark between 22 and 23 seconds (recall that the ’78 Fury 440 took 24.8 seconds to hit 100, though in fairness it had a 2.70 rear gear, which helped its top speed but held it back on pure acceleration). The second fastest accelerating vehicle was the big Chevrolet Tahoe, with 320 horsepower in the 5.3 litre V-8. It hit 100 in 21.8 seconds. The 0-60 times were 8.33 for the Tahoe, and a flat 6.0 seconds for the V-8 Charger.
One interesting car was the Charger V6, which got off to the slowest start but by 50 mph had outraced the gas Tahoe and 3.27:1 Ford; by 0-100 it was roughly middle of the pack, beating both Impalas and one of the Fords.
There was no apparent real differences noted with the Chevrolet vehicles as to what fuel they used. The times were noted as quite nearly the same for either fuel model, although the E85 equipped Tahoe was a tick faster in acceleration. No explanation was offered. I would attribute that to the engine computer system.
The Ford CVPI can run on E85, but neither of the test models were equipped to use it for the MSP tests. The Ford with the 3.27 rear gears got to 60 miles an hour in 8.88 seconds, while the 3.55 rear gear equipped model hit 60 in 8.42 seconds. You would need to have a NASCAR type official to discern this difference (I say that with some sarcasm because NASCAR acts like .001 of a second makes a race car seem kind of slow, even though it is up there running at 190 miles an hour!) The Fords hit 100 in 23.73 seconds and 22.44 seconds respectively.
Dodge does not offer E85 in any of the Charger models. However, their excellent gas mileage can be attributed to the engine computers and the MDS system on the 5.7 liter V-8.
The second test involves absolute top speed. The cars are given their head, and run out. With the 4.7 mile long Chrysler Chelsea proving ground track, there is plenty of safe space to accomplish this. Here again, for the fifth straight year, the Dodge HEMI® was the best of the best. It ran up against the computer limiter at 146 miles an hour.
The California Highway Patrol bypassed one unit in 2009 for the real top end of the Charger. It hit close to 165 miles an hour, stock, with no other modifications! They let the computer limiter stand at 146 mph. The CHP works with the LA County Sheriff to test vehicles, by the way. LA police base their purchases, as do most West Coast departments, on the LA County testing, as most East Coast departments buy from the Michigan State Police testing.
For 2011, Chevrolet is introducing a new Caprice Police Package Vehicle. It is stunning. Allpar was given a close up ride and evaluation of a test unit. A separate article is being put together on the experience.
As a side note, the slowest of five tested motorcycles was quicker 0-60 than the fastest of the police cars, by a decent margin.
Squad car braking
With all that acceleration and top speed, the next test is of course, braking. If it goes well, it must stop just as well. I will say right out, that for years, Ford PI brakes, even when equipped with their disc brakes, were just abysmal! No apology to any Ford fans either. It wasn’t until about 1992 that Ford finally got its act together, and actually had the best brakes that year. We used to say that the 390-equipped Ford meant that 3 hard stops from 90 would result in the biggest crash you have experienced!
| Deceleration Rate | Charger V6 | Charger Hemi | Ford | Impala | Tahoe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 1 Average | 27.97 | 27.01 | 26.81 | 27.28 | 26.69 |
| Phase 2 Average | 28.21 | 27 | 26.52 | 26.54 | 26.48 |
| Overall Average | 28.09 | 27.01 | 26.66 | 26.91 | 26.59 |
| Stopping Distance | 137.9 | 143.4 | 145.2 | 143.9 | 145.6 |
The Dodge Charger V-6 once again lead the way with the best stopping distance and dynamics of all the vehicles tested. No explanation has ever been offered, however, the V-6 Charger has been the brake leader for the past 5 years. [Editor’s note: it is possible the police Chargers both run the same brakes, so that the lower weight of the V6 engine would cause the better performance.]
To prepare for the braking tests, each vehicle is run up to 90 miles an hour. Then, without locking up the brakes (all are now equipped with ABS), maximum effort is made to stop the car. The second run begins just as soon as the tires stop. After the second maximum stop, a 5 minute “soak” with the car at a rest occurs. Then, four different troopers run through 6 different efforts from 60 miles an hour to zero. The runs are consecutive, without rest between the runs. The testing runs right back to 60 just as soon as the tires stop turning on the previous run. The lowest average run is tossed out, as is the highest average of all the runs. This insures that a true “average” is applied to the units. Dynamic braking is measured with a special computer inside the vehicles.
The 3.5 engined Dodge Charger stopped in 137.9 feet. Nothing else was in that category. The 5.7 liter Charger V-8 was close at 143.4 feet. Dynamically, the V-6 Charger hit a solid 28.21 deceleration rate. Which would mean that anything loose in the back seat would become your new best friend in the front! The higher the dynamic rate, the better. The V-8 Charger hit 27.01, the best of all the rest.
Dodge changed its brake pad compound in 2007, in time for the 2008 models, in response to complaints about the pad longevity. At the time of introduction, Dodge had determined that it would achieve the absolute BEST braking power available on their police package. It affected the life of the brake pads, some reporting failures in as little as 4,000 miles! Not good for budgets.
Chrysler Fleet is certainly responding far better than it ever did when I tried to work with them in the 70s and 80s. In any event, Dodge achieved much longer pad life, without sacrificing braking power. The distances and dynamics have remained the same.
Not that the rest of the vehicles were poor, in fact, far from it. The Chevrolet Impala averaged 143.9 feet from 60 to 0. Dynamically, that is 26.54 which is about nose bleed territory too. Even the Ford CVPI braking was excellent coming to rest from 60 in 145.2 feet. Dynamic effects measured 26.66. The big Tahoe hit zero in 145.6 feet. Dynamically the Tahoe was 26.48 which is also right up there with loose objects flying about the cabin.
Vehicle dynamics and cornering
| Vehicle | Four-Lap/Four Driver Average |
|---|---|
| Ford Police Interceptor 3:27 | 1:41.80 |
| Ford Police Interceptor 3:55 | 1:41.02 |
| Chevrolet Impala 9C1 3.9L | 1:43.87 |
| Chevrolet Impala E85 | 1:43.14 |
| Chevrolet Tahoe PPV 2WD | 1:43.31 |
| Chevrolet Tahoe PPV 2WD E85 | 1:42.68 |
| Dodge Charger 3.5L | 1:40.03 |
| Dodge Charger 5.7L | 1:36.90 |
The next test involves moving over to the Gratten Race Track. It is a 2 mile long closed course, with 13 turns, and some wicked off camber turns, and dips and rises. The front straight away is 3,200 foot long affair that allowed the vehicles to get up to a good head of steam. The Ford CVPI was clocked at 110 miles an hour at the end of the straight.
However, even at that speed the CVPI couldn’t catch the second fastest car, which was the capable handling, and powerful Dodge Charger V-6. It covered the course in 1.40 seconds. Naturally, the fastest unit, for the 5th straight year, remained the Hemi® Charger, which covered the course in 1 minute and 36 seconds. Again, the second fastest unit overall was the V6-powered Charger — beating the two Ford V8s and the two Chevy Tahoe V8s.
The Ford CVPI with the 3.55 rear gear was a full second behind the V-6 Charger at 1 minute and 41 seconds, while the 3.27 equipped CVPI was at 1 minute and 42 seconds. While the Chevrolet Impala units were a full 3 seconds off the V-6 Charger pace, and a full 6 seconds behind the V-8 Dodge. The Tahoe was right behind the Impala models with a fraction, like about a ½ car length behind at 1 minute and 43 seconds too. Again these tests are run by four different troopers who run four laps apiece with each unit.
Police car gas mileage
The final test is the overall fuel mileage. The Michigan State Police base their comparisons on the Federal Government EPA rating for the vehicles. In that situation, the Dodge Chargers win out, with the best overall EPA rated V-8 mileage, as well as the best EPA rated V-6 mileage, in their weighted fuel test loop.
MSP weights the fuel mileage heavily in its testing. Fuel costs are a tangible, fixed commodity. A small increase in price, or a dip in overall achieved mileage per unit can potentially break a departmental budget. In Florida, in 2007, when fuel costs were spiraling out of control, for example, the Highway Patrol Troopers were ordered to cut patrol miles in areas that did not encompass high crime rates! Apparently, it was sort of a ploy, because the Governor’s office ordered the ruling rescinded within hours when the telephone switchboard was swamped with irate public calls. The FHP did get their fuel, as well as some new Dodge Chargers in 2008.
Florida Highway Patrol Troopers are scheduled to get more Chargers, apparently, in 2010. So, are the Michigan State Police now that the tests are complete.
WEBMASTER: Please NOTE: ALL photos either free on board from the Internet or courtesy of the agency involved. The FHP Photo is an ALLPAR photo. The Michigan State Police Photos are direct from the Michigan State Police Internet site, and allowed for use without any copyright infringements. I didn’t label each one.
For more information
Squad cars | Insider's Guide to Chrysler | Rear-Drive Chrysler, Dodge, and Plymouth cars
Dodge Charger Police Cars | CHP Test Results
Fleet cars, trucks, and vans: Police and more
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