Pull the fuel line off somewhere close to the carburetor and direct it into an empty gas can or other suitable container. You may need to get a longer piece of flexible fuel line to do this. Then crank the starter and see if any fuel pumps into the container. If not, something's obstructing the fuel flow or the fuel pump has coincidentally given out.
Might be a good idea to check the filter for which direction it's supposed to flow first, in case you installed it backwards.
Might be a good idea to check the filter for which direction it's supposed to flow first, in case you installed it backwards.